This paper is aiming to consider theoretical discussions on indigenous knowledge and examine its implications in overcoming the ecological and environmental crisis in the Anthropocene epoch. The Anthropocene is one of key words, which characterize the twenty-first century. It is a period that human behavior is the main factor of geological and environmental changes. Its catastrophic phenomena is urging critical reflections on the ecological and ontological crisis, and further practical action for pulling through it. The conceptual definitions of indigenous knowledge are diverse. This is because both each community’s conditions of existence and academic traditions are different. Hence, scholars in various disciplines give meanings to indigenous knowledge in their own perspectives. It is clear that the differences between indigenous knowledge and western knowledge are cannot be denied. However, it is also true that these two knowledge shares similarities, as well as they are needed to be integrated.
Nowadays, the root of the social and environmental crisis is the anthropocentric worldview, which separates human society and nature. The economic system based epistemologically upon the dichotomy of society and nature cannot but loose its soundness. Capitalism grounded on exploitation and plunder is not sustainable any longer because of such a reason. If we leave the current ecological crisis, mankind’s survival itself will continue to be threatened, as well as human society may confront with catastrophe in a near future, which no one can be capable of carrying out. As can be seen from the case studies of some local areas in Africa, indigenous knowledge can be regarded as ancient wisdom or ancient future. Such a fact awakens us once more that past, present and future, as well as all things in the world are interconnected. Now, we should break the frame of thinking, which judge thoughtlessly and distinguish society and nature or humans and non-humans (things), and escape from anthropocentric worldview, which regards nature as the object of control. We have to perceive once more that humans are both part of nature and tenants living in nature. The collective efforts for solving fundamentally contradiction inherent in the capitalist mode of production should be also invested justly.